Herbal Medicine in the Middle East

In addition to domestic herbs, the Middle East has historically served as a major hub for the global spice and medicinal plant trade. The caravans that crossed the Arabian Peninsula and the ships that sailed through the Red Sea and Persian Gulf carried not only goods but also medical knowledge. This exchange introduced Middle Eastern healers to exotic plants from India, Africa, and China, enriching the regional pharmacopeia and fostering cross-cultural scientific dialogue.