Since the late twentieth century, the absence of formal diplomatic relations has reinforced a pattern of indirect communication, often mediated through third parties or international institutions. Sanctions, military posturing, and rhetorical escalation have become recurring features of the bilateral dynamic. At the same time, moments of negotiation have demonstrated that pragmatic engagement is possible when mutual interests converge, particularly in areas such as nuclear non-proliferation and regional stability.2026 © ShinyBerry.com
